Checklist of North American Butterflies
Butterflies Occurring North of Mexico, Edition 2.6
The Checklist of North American Butterflies is published by the NABA Names Committee, which consists of many of the top butterfly taxonomists in the world. The Names Committee evaluates new published data regarding butterfly taxonomy and, if warranted, makes updates to the Checklist.
Swallowtails | Family Papilionidae
Parnassians | Subfamily Parnassiinae
- Eversmann’s Parnassian | Parnassius eversmanni
- Clodius Parnassian | Parnassius clodius
- Phoebus Parnassian | Parnassius phoebus*
- ‘Rocky Mountain’ Phoebus Parnassian | Parnassius phoebus smintheus
- ‘Sierra Nevada’ Phoebus Parnassian | Parnassius phoebus behrii
Swallowtails | Subfamily Papilioninae
- White-dotted Cattleheart | Parides alopius
- Pipevine Swallowtail | Battus philenor
- Polydamas Swallowtail | Battus polydamas
- Zebra Swallowtail | Eurytides marcellus
- Dark Kite-Swallowtail | Eurytides philolaus
- Red-sided Swallowtail | Mimoides phaon
- Black Swallowtail | Papilio polyxenes
- ‘Desert’ Black Swallowtail | Papilio polyxenes coloro
- Ozark Swallowtail | Papilio joanae
- Short-tailed Swallowtail | Papilio brevicauda
- Old World Swallowtail | Papilio machaon*
- ‘Baird’s’ Old World Swallowtail | Papilio machaon bairdii*
- ‘Oregon’ Swallowtail | Papilio machaon oregonius
- Anise Swallowtail | Papilio zelicaon
- Indra Swallowtail | Papilio indra
- Chinese Swallowtail | Papilio xuthus*
- Thoas Swallowtail | Papilio thoas
- Giant Swallowtail | Papilio cresphontes
- Schaus’ Swallowtail | Papilio aristodemus
- Cuban Swallowtail | Papilio caiguanabus
- Bahamian Swallowtail | Papilio andraemon
- Ornythion Swallowtail | Papilio ornythion
- Broad-banded Swallowtail | Papilio astyalus
- Androgeus Swallowtail | Papilio androgeus
- Eastern Tiger Swallowtail | Papilio glaucus
- Canadian Tiger Swallowtail | Papilio canadensis
- Western Tiger Swallowtail | Papilio rutulus
- Two-tailed Swallowtail | Papilio multicaudata
- Pale Swallowtail | Papilio eurymedon
- Three-tailed Swallowtail | Papilio pilumnus
- Spicebush Swallowtail | Papilio troilus
- Palamedes Swallowtail | Papilio palamedes
- Magnificent Swallowtail | Papilio garamas*
- Victorine Swallowtail | Papilio victorinus
- Pink-spotted Swallowtail | Papilio pharnaces
- Ruby-spotted Swallowtail | Papilio anchisiades
Whites and Sulphurs | Family Pieridae
Whites | Subfamily Pierinae
- Mexican Dartwhite | Catasticta nimbice
- Pine White | Neophasia menapia
- Chiricahua White | Neophasia terlootii
- Florida White | Appias drusilla
- Becker’s White | Pontia beckerii
- Spring White | Pontia sisymbrii
- Checkered White | Pontia protodice
- Western White | Pontia occidentalis
- Mustard White | Pieris napi*
- ‘Veined’ Mustard White | Pieris napi oleracea
- ‘Margined’ Mustard White | Pieris napi marginalis
- West Virginia White | Pieris virginiensis
- Cabbage White | Pieris rapae
- Great Southern White | Ascia monuste
- Giant White | Ganyra josephina
- Howarth’s White | Ganyra howarthii*
- Painted White | Pieriballia viardi
- Common Melwhite | Melete lycimnia
- Cross-barred White | Itaballia demophile
- Large Marble | Euchloe ausonides
- Green Marble | Euchloe naina*
- Northern Marble | Euchloe creusa
- Sonoran Marble | Euchloe guaymasensis*
- Pearly Marble | Euchloe hyantis*
- ‘California’ Pearly Marble | Euchloe hyantis hyantis
- ‘Desert’ Pearly Marble | Euchloe hyantis lotta
- Olympia Marble | Euchloe olympia
- Desert Orangetip | Anthocharis cethura*
- ‘Pima’ Desert Orangetip | Anthocharis cethura pima*
- Sara Orangetip | Anthocharis sara* (includes thoosa and julia)
- ‘Pacific’ Sara Orangetip | Anthocharis sara sara
- ‘Stella’ Sara Orangetip | Anthocharis sara stella
- Falcate Orangetip | Anthocharis midea
- Gray Marble | Anthocharis lanceolata
Sulphurs | Subfamily Coliadinae
- Clouded Sulphur | Colias philodice
- Orange Sulphur | Colias eurytheme
- Western Sulphur | Colias occidentalis*, Colias occidentalis chrysomelas, Colias occidentalis pseudochristina*
- Christina’s Sulphur | Colias christina*
- Queen Alexandra’s Sulphur | Colias alexandra*
- ‘Harford’s’ Queen Alexandra’s Sulphur | Colias alexandra harfordii, Colias alexandra krauthii
- Mead’s Sulphur | Colias meadii*
- Coppermine Sulphur | Colias johanseni*
- Canadian Sulphur | Colias canadensis
- Hecla Sulphur | Colias hecla
- [Booth’s Sulphur | “Colias boothi” hecla x nastes?*]
- Labrador Sulphur | Colias nastes, Colias nastes thula
- Scudder’s Sulphur | Colias scudderi
- Giant Sulphur | Colias gigantea
- Sierra Sulphur | Colias behrii
- Pelidne Sulphur | Colias pelidne
- Pink-edged Sulphur | Colias interior
- Palaeno Sulphur | Colias palaeno
- California Dogface | Colias eurydice
- Southern Dogface | Colias cesonia
- White Angled-Sulphur | Anteos clorinde
- Yellow Angled-Sulphur | Anteos maerula
- Cloudless Sulphur | Phoebis sennae
- Orange-barred Sulphur | Phoebis philea
- Large Orange Sulphur | Phoebis agarithe
- Tailed Sulphur | Phoebis neocypris
- Statira Sulphur | Phoebis statira
- Pink-spot Sulphur | Phoebis neleis
- Orbed Sulphur | Phoebis orbis
- Lyside Sulphur | Kricogonia lyside
- Barred Yellow | Eurema daira
- Ghost Yellow | Eurema albula*
- Boisduval’s Yellow | Eurema boisduvaliana
- Mexican Yellow | Eurema mexicana
- Salome Yellow | Eurema salome
- Tailed Orange | Eurema proterpia
- Little Yellow | Eurema lisa
- Mimosa Yellow | Eurema nise
- Shy Yellow | Eurema messalina
- Dina Yellow | Eurema dina
- Sleepy Orange | Eurema nicippe
- Dainty Sulphur | Nathalis iole
Mimic-Whites | Subfamily Dismorphiinae
- Costa-spotted Mimic-White | Enantia albania
Gossamer-wing Butterflies | Family Lycaenidae
Harvesters | Subfamily Miletinae
- Harvester | Feniseca tarquinius
Coppers | Subfamily Lycaeninae
- Tailed Copper | Lycaena arota
- American Copper | Lycaena phlaeas
- Lustrous Copper | Lycaena cupreus
- ‘Snow’s’ Lustrous Copper | Lycaena cupreus snowi
- Great Copper | Lycaena xanthoides
- Gray Copper | Lycaena dione
- Edith’s Copper | Lycaena editha
- Gorgon Copper | Lycaena gorgon
- Bronze Copper | Lycaena hyllus
- Ruddy Copper | Lycaena rubidus
- ‘White Mountains’ Ruddy Copper | Lycaena rubidus ferrisi*
- Blue Copper | Lycaena heteronea
- Bog Copper | Lycaena epixanthe
- Dorcas Copper | Lycaena dorcas*
- ‘Maine’ Dorcas Copper | Lycaena dorcas claytoni
- ‘Salt Marsh’ Dorcas Copper | Lycaena dorcas dospassosi*
- Purplish Copper | Lycaena helloides
- Lilac-bordered Copper | Lycaena nivalis
- Mariposa Copper | Lycaena mariposa
- Hermes Copper | Lycaena hermes
Hairstreaks | Subfamily Theclinae
- Colorado Hairstreak | Hypaurotis crysalus
- Golden Hairstreak | Habrodais grunus
- Atala | Eumaeus atala
- Strophius Hairstreak | Allosmaitia strophius
- Common Groundstreak | Ziegleria hesperitis
- Great Purple Hairstreak | Atlides halesus
- Creamy Stripe-streak | Arawacus jada
- Smudged Hairstreak | Rekoa stagira
- Gold-bordered Hairstreak | Rekoa palegon
- Marius Hairstreak | Rekoa marius
- Black Hairstreak | Ocaria ocrisia
- Amethyst Hairstreak | Chlorostrymon maesites
- Telea Hairstreak | Chlorostrymon telea
- Silver-banded Hairstreak | Chlorostrymon simaethis
- Soapberry Hairstreak | Phaeostrymon alcestis
- Coral Hairstreak | Satyrium titus
- Behr’s Hairstreak | Satyrium behrii
- Sooty Hairstreak | Satyrium fuliginosa*
- Acadian Hairstreak | Satyrium acadica
- California Hairstreak | Satyrium californica
- Sylvan Hairstreak | Satyrium sylvinus
- Edwards’ Hairstreak | Satyrium edwardsii
- Banded Hairstreak | Satyrium calanus
- Hickory Hairstreak | Satyrium caryaevorum
- King’s Hairstreak | Satyrium kingi
- Striped Hairstreak | Satyrium liparops
- Gold-hunter’s Hairstreak | Satyrium auretorum
- Mountain Mahogany Hairstreak | Satyrium tetra
- Hedgerow Hairstreak | Satyrium saepium
- Oak Hairstreak | Satyrium favonius*
- ‘Southern’ Oak Hairstreak | Satyrium favonius favonius
- ‘Northern’ Oak Hairstreak | Satyrium favonius ontario
- Ilavia Hairstreak | Satyrium ilavia
- Poling’s Hairstreak | Satyrium polingi
- Clench’s Greenstreak | Cyanophrys miserabilis
- Goodson’s Greenstreak | Cyanophrys goodsoni
- Tropical Greenstreak | Cyanophrys herodotus
- Bramble Hairstreak | Callophrys dumetorum*
- ‘Coastal’ Bramble Hairstreak | Callophrys dumetorum viridis
- ‘Canyon’ Bramble Hairstreak | Callophrys dumetorum apama
- ‘Immaculate’ Bramble Hairstreak | Callophrys dumetorum affinis
- Sheridan’s Hairstreak | Callophrys sheridanii*
- ‘Desert’ Sheridan’s Hairstreak | Callophrys sheridanii comstocki
- ‘Alpine’ Sheridan’s Hairstreak | Callophrys sheridanii lemberti
- Xami Hairstreak | Callophrys xami
- Sandia Hairstreak | Callophrys mcfarlandi
- Brown Elfin | Callophrys augustinus
- Desert Elfin | Callophrys fotis
- Moss’ Elfin | Callophrys mossii
- Hoary Elfin | Callophrys polios
- Frosted Elfin | Callophrys irus
- Henry’s Elfin | Callophrys henrici
- Bog Elfin | Callophrys lanoraieensis
- Eastern Pine Elfin | Callophrys niphon
- Western Pine Elfin | Callophrys eryphon
- Thicket Hairstreak | Callophrys spinetorum
- Johnson’s Hairstreak | Callophrys johnsoni
- Juniper Hairstreak | Callophrys gryneus*
- ‘Olive’ Juniper Hairstreak | Callophrys gryneus gryneus
- ‘Sweadner’s’ Juniper Hairstreak | Callophrys gryneus sweadneri
- ‘Siva’ Juniper Hairstreak | Callophrys gryneus siva
- ‘Nelson’s’ Juniper Hairstreak | Callophrys gryneus nelsoni
- ‘Muir’s’ Juniper Hairstreak | Callophrys gryneus muiri
- ‘Loki’ Juniper Hairstreak | Callophrys gryneus loki
- ‘Thorne’s’ Juniper Hairstreak | Callophrys gryneus thornei
- Hessel’s Hairstreak | Callophrys hesseli
- Aquamarine Hairstreak | Oenomaus ortygnus
- White M Hairstreak | Parrhasius m-album
- Gray Hairstreak | Strymon melinus
- Avalon Scrub-Hairstreak | Strymon avalona
- Red-crescent Scrub-Hairstreak | Strymon rufofusca
- Red-lined Scrub-Hairstreak | Strymon bebrycia
- Martial Scrub-Hairstreak | Strymon martialis
- Yojoa Scrub-Hairstreak | Strymon yojoa
- White Scrub-Hairstreak | Strymon albata
- Bartram’s Scrub-Hairstreak | Strymon acis
- Lacey’s Scrub-Hairstreak | Strymon alea
- Mallow Scrub-Hairstreak | Strymon istapa*
- Disguised Scrub-Hairstreak | Strymon limenia
- Tailless Scrub-Hairstreak | Strymon cestri
- Lantana Scrub-Hairstreak | Strymon bazochii
- Bromeliad Scrub-Hairstreak | Strymon serapio
- Ruddy Hairstreak | Electrostrymon sangala
- Fulvous Hairstreak | Electrostrymon angelia
- Muted Hairstreak | Electrostrymon canus
- Mathew’s Groundstreak | Rubroserrata mathewi
- Orange-crescent Groundstreak | Electrostrymon guzanta
- Confused Groundstreak | Kisutam syllis
- Red-banded Hairstreak | Calycopis cecrops
- Dusky-blue Groundstreak | Calycopis isobeon
- Red-spotted Hairstreak | Tmolus echion
- Pearly-gray Hairstreak | Siderus tephraeus
- Leda Ministreak | Ministrymon leda
- Clytie Ministreak | Ministrymon clytie
- Gray Ministreak | Ministrymon azia
- Vicroy’s Ministreak | Ministrymon janevicroy
- Gnomic Hairstreak | Gargina gnosia
- Zebra Cross-streak | Panthiades bathildis
- Shadowed Hairstreak | Michaelus ira
- Sonoran Hairstreak | Hypostrymon critola
- Early Hairstreak | Erora laeta
- Arizona Hairstreak | Erora quaderna
Blues | Subfamily Polyommatinae
- Western Pygmy-Blue | Brephidium exile
- Eastern Pygmy-Blue | Brephidium isophthalma
- Lesser Grass-Blue | Zizina otis
- Cassius Blue | Leptotes cassius
- Marine Blue | Leptotes marina
- Pea Blue | Lampides boeticus*
- Cyna Blue | Zizula cyna
- Miami Blue | Hemiargus thomasi
- Nickerbean Blue | Hemiargus ammon*
- Ceraunus Blue | Hemiargus ceraunus
- Reakirt’s Blue | Hemiargus isola
- Eastern Tailed-Blue | Everes comyntas
- Western Tailed-Blue | Everes amyntula
- Spring Azure | Celastrina ladon*
- ‘Atlantic’ Spring Azure | Celastrina ladon idella
- ‘Hops’ Spring Azure | Celastrina ladon humulus
- ‘Manitoba’ Spring Azure | Celastrina ladon argentata
- ‘Summer’ Spring Azure | Celastrina ladon neglecta
- Appalachian Azure | Celastrina neglectamajor
- Dusky Azure | Celastrina nigra (=ebinina)
- Hawaiian Blue | Vaga blackburni*
- Sonoran Blue | Philotes sonorensis
- Square-spotted Blue | Euphilotes battoides*
- ‘El Segundo’ Square-spotted Blue | Euphilotes battoides allyni
- ‘Bernardino’ Square-spotted Blue | Euphilotes battoides bernardino, Euphilotes battoides intermedia, Euphilotes battoides baueri, Euphilotes battoides centralis, Euphilotes battoides ellisi
- Dotted Blue | Euphilotes enoptes*
- ‘Mojave’ Dotted Blue | Euphilotes enoptes mojave
- ‘Dammer’s ‘ Dotted Blue | Euphilotes enoptes dammersi, Euphilotes enoptes ancilla
- Rita Blue | Euphilotes rita*
- ‘Pale’ Rita Blue | Euphilotes rita pallescens
- Spalding’s Blue | Euphilotes spaldingi
- Small Blue | Philotiella speciosa*, Philotiella speciosa leona
- Arrowhead Blue | Glaucopsyche piasus
- Silvery Blue | Glaucopsyche lygdamus
- Northern Blue | Lycaeides idas
- Melissa Blue | Lycaeides melissa
- ‘Karner’ Melissa Blue | Lycaeides melissa samuelis
- Greenish Blue | Plebejus saepiolus
- San Emigdio Blue | Plebejus emigdionis
- Boisduval’s Blue | Plebejus icarioides
- ‘Mission’ Boisduval’s Blue | Plebejus icarioides missionensis
- Shasta Blue | Plebejus shasta
- Acmon Blue | Plebejus acmon* (includes texana and lutzi)
- Lupine Blue | Plebejus lupini*
- Veined Blue | Plebejus neurona
- Cranberry Blue | Vacciniina optilete
- Arctic Blue | Agriades glandon*
- ‘Sierra’ Arctic Blue | Agriades glandon podarce
- Heather Blue | Agriades cassiope*
- Common Blue | Polyommatus icarus
Metalmarks | Family Riodinidae
- Little Metalmark | Calephelis virginiensis
- Northern Metalmark | Calephelis borealis
- Fatal Metalmark | Calephelis nemesis
- Rounded Metalmark | Calephelis perditalis*
- Wright’s Metalmark | Calephelis wrighti
- Swamp Metalmark | Calephelis mutica
- Rawson’s Metalmark | Calephelis rawsoni*
- ‘Freeman’s’ Rawson’s Metalmark | Calephelis rawsoni freemani
- Arizona Metalmark | Calephelis arizonensis*
- Red-bordered Metalmark | Caria ino
- Square-spotted Yellowmark | Baeotis zonata
- Blue Metalmark | Lasaia sula
- Red-bordered Pixie | Melanis pixe
- Zela Metalmark | Emesis zela
- Ares Metalmark | Emesis ares
- Curve-winged Metalmark | Emesis emesia
- Falcate Metalmark | Emesis tenedia
- Mormon Metalmark | Apodemia mormo*, Apodemia mormo virgulti, Apodemia mormo mejicanus, Apodemia mormo duryi
- Narrow-winged Metalmark | Apodemia multiplaga
- Hepburn’s Metalmark | Apodemia hepburni
- Palmer’s Metalmark | Apodemia palmeri
- Walker’s Metalmark | Apodemia walkeri
- Crescent Metalmark | Apodemia phyciodoides
- Nais Metalmark | Apodemia nais*
- ‘Chisos’ Nais Metalmark | Apodemia nais chisosensis
Brushfooted Butterflies | Family Nymphalidae
Snouts | Subfamily Libytheinae
- American Snout | Libytheana carinenta
Heliconians and Fritillaries | Subfamily Heliconiinae
- Gulf Fritillary | Agraulis vanillae
- Mexican Silverspot | Dione moneta
- Juno Heliconian | Dione juno
- Banded Orange Heliconian | Dryadula phaetusa
- Julia Heliconian | Dryas iulia*
- Isabella’s Heliconian | Eueides isabella
- Zebra Heliconian | Heliconius charithonia*
- Erato Heliconian | Heliconius erato
- Variegated Fritillary | Euptoieta claudia
- Mexican Fritillary | Euptoieta hegesia
- Diana Fritillary | Speyeria diana
- Great Spangled Fritillary | Speyeria cybele, Speyeria cybele leto
- Aphrodite Fritillary | Speyeria aphrodite
- Regal Fritillary | Speyeria idalia
- Nokomis Fritillary | Speyeria nokomis
- Edwards’ Fritillary | Speyeria edwardsii
- Coronis Fritillary | Speyeria coronis
- Zerene Fritillary | Speyeria zerene
- ‘Spring Mountains’ Zerene Fritillary | Speyeria zerene carolae*
- Callippe Fritillary | Speyeria callippe, Speyeria callippe nevadensis
- Great Basin Fritillary | Speyeria egleis
- Unsilvered Fritillary | Speyeria adiaste
- Atlantis Fritillary | Speyeria atlantis*
- ‘Atlantis’ Atlantis Fritillary | Speyeria atlantis atlantis
- ‘Hesperis’ Atlantis Fritillary | Speyeria atlantis hesperis
- ‘Southwestern’ Atlantis Fritillary | Speyeria atlantis nausicaa
- Hydaspe Fritillary | Speyeria hydaspe
- Mormon Fritillary | Speyeria mormonia, Speyeria mormonia atronia, Speyeria mormonia luski
- Mountain Fritillary | Boloria napaea*
- Bog Fritillary | Boloria eunomia
- Silver-bordered Fritillary | Boloria selene
- Meadow Fritillary | Boloria bellona
- Frigga Fritillary | Boloria frigga
- Dingy Fritillary | Boloria improba
- ‘Wind River’ Dingy Fritillary | Boloria improba harryi
- ‘Uncompahgre’ Dingy Fritillary | Boloria improba acrocnema
- Relict Fritillary | Boloria kriemhild
- Pacific Fritillary | Boloria epithore
- Polaris Fritillary | Boloria polaris
- Freija Fritillary | Boloria freija
- Alberta Fritillary | Boloria alberta
- Astarte Fritillary | Boloria astarte*
- ‘Distinct’ Astarte Fritillary | Boloria astarte distincta
- Purplish Fritillary | Boloria montinus* (distinct from Old World titania)
- Arctic Fritillary | Boloria chariclea*
- Cryptic Fritillary | Boloria natazhati
True Brushfoots | Subfamily Nymphalinae
- Dotted Checkerspot | Poladryas minuta*
- Arachne Checkerspot | Poladryas arachne*
- Theona Checkerspot | Chlosyne theona*
- Chinati Checkerspot | Chlosyne chinatiensis*
- Black Checkerspot | Chlosyne cyneas
- Fulvia Checkerspot | Chlosyne fulvia
- Leanira Checkerspot | Chlosyne leanira
- California Patch | Chlosyne californica
- Bordered Patch | Chlosyne lacinia
- Definite Patch | Chlosyne definita
- Banded Patch | Chlosyne endeis
- Crimson Patch | Chlosyne janais
- Rosita Patch | Chlosyne rosita
- Red-spotted Patch | Chlosyne marina
- Gorgone Checkerspot | Chlosyne gorgone
- Silvery Checkerspot | Chlosyne nycteis
- Harris’ Checkerspot | Chlosyne harrisii
- Northern Checkerspot | Chlosyne palla
- Rockslide Checkerspot | Chlosyne whitneyi
- Sagebrush Checkerspot | Chlosyne acastus
- Gabb’s Checkerspot | Chlosyne gabbii
- Hoffmann’s Checkerspot | Chlosyne hoffmanni
- Elf | Microtia elva
- Tiny Checkerspot | Dymasia dymas, Dymasia dymas chara
- Elada Checkerspot | Texola elada
- Texan Crescent | Phyciodes texana
- ‘Seminole’ Texan Crescent | Phyciodes texana seminole
- Cuban Crescent | Phyciodes frisia*
- Pale-banded Crescent | Phyciodes tulcis*
- Black Crescent | Phyciodes ptolyca
- Chestnut Crescent | Phyciodes argentea*
- Vesta Crescent | Phyciodes vesta
- Phaon Crescent | Phyciodes phaon
- Pearl Crescent | Phyciodes tharos
- Northern Crescent | Phyciodes selenis*
- Tawny Crescent | Phyciodes batesii
- Field Crescent | Phyciodes campestris
- Painted Crescent | Phyciodes picta
- California Crescent | Phyciodes orseis
- Pale Crescent | Phyciodes pallida
- Mylitta Crescent | Phyciodes mylitta
- Gillett’s Checkerspot | Euphydryas gillettii*
- Variable Checkerspot | Euphydryas chalcedona
- ‘Chalcedon’ Variable Checkerspot | Euphydryas chalcedona chalcedona
- ‘Snowberry’ Variable Checkerspot | Euphydryas chalcedona colon
- ‘Anicia’ Variable Checkerspot | Euphydryas chalcedona anicia
- Edith’s Checkerspot | Euphydryas editha
- Baltimore Checkerspot | Euphydryas phaeton
- Question Mark | Polygonia interrogationis
- Eastern Comma | Polygonia comma
- Satyr Comma | Polygonia satyrus
- Green Comma | Polygonia faunus, Polygonia faunus hylas, Polygonia faunus silvius
- Hoary Comma | Polygonia gracilis
- ‘Zephyr’ Hoary Comma | Polygonia gracilis zephyrus
- Oreas Comma | Polygonia oreas*
- Gray Comma | Polygonia progne*
- Spotless Comma | Polygonia haroldii
- Compton Tortoiseshell | Nymphalis vaualbum*
- California Tortoiseshell | Nymphalis californica
- Mourning Cloak | Nymphalis antiopa
- Milbert’s Tortoiseshell | Nymphalis milberti
- Small Tortoiseshell | Nymphalis urticae
- American Lady | Vanessa virginiensis
- Painted Lady | Vanessa cardui
- West Coast Lady | Vanessa annabella
- Kamehameha Lady | Vanessa tameneamea*
- Red Admiral | Vanessa atalanta
- Orange Mapwing | Hypanartia lethe
- Mimic | Hypolimnas misippus
- Common Buckeye | Junonia coenia
- Mangrove Buckeye | Junonia evarete
- Tropical Buckeye, form nigrosuffusa | Junonia genoveva
- White Peacock | Anartia jatrophae
- Cuban Peacock | Anartia chrysopelea*
- Banded Peacock | Anartia fatima
- Malachite | Siproeta stelenes
- Rusty-tipped Page | Siproeta epaphus*
Admirals and Relatives | Subfamily Limenitidinae
- Red-spotted Admiral | Limenitis arthemis*
- White Admiral | Limenitis arthemis arthemis
- Red-spotted Purple | Limenitis arthemis astyanax
- Viceroy | Limenitis archippus
- Weidemeyer’s Admiral | Limenitis weidemeyerii*
- Lorquin’s Admiral | Limenitis lorquini*
- Band-celled Sister | Adelpha fessonia
- California Sister | Adelpha bredowii
- Spot-celled Sister | Adelpha basiloides
- Common Banner | Epiphile adrasta
- Orange Banner | Temenis laothoe
- Mexican Bluewing | Myscelia ethusa
- Blackened Bluewing | Myscelia cyananthe
- Dingy Purplewing | Eunica monima
- Florida Purplewing | Eunica tatila
- Blue-eyed Sailor | Dynamine dyonis
- Four-spotted Sailor | Dynamine postverta
- Common Mestra | Mestra amymone
- Red Rim | Biblis hyperia
- Red Cracker | Hamadryas amphinome
- Gray Cracker | Hamadryas februa
- Variable Cracker | Hamadryas feronia
- Glaucous Cracker | Hamadryas glauconome
- Pale Cracker | Hamadryas amphichloe
- Guatemalan Cracker | Hamadryas guatemalena
- Black-patched Cracker | Hamadryas atlantis
- Orion Cecropian | Historis odius*
- Tailed Cecropian | Historis acheronta*
- Blomfild’s Beauty | Smyrna blomfildia
- Karwinski’s Beauty | Smyrna karwinskii
- Waiter Daggerwing | Marpesia coresia
- Many-banded Daggerwing | Marpesia chiron
- Ruddy Daggerwing | Marpesia petreus
- Antillean Daggerwing | Marpesia eleuchea
Leafwings | Subfamily Charaxinae
- One-spotted Prepona | Archaeoprepona demophon
- Tropical Leafwing | Anaea aidea
- Florida Leafwing | Anaea floridalis*
- Goatweed Leafwing | Anaea andria
- Angled Leafwing | Anaea glycerium
- Guatemalan Leafwing | Anaea forreri
- Pale-spotted Leafwing | Anaea pithyusa
Emperors | Subfamily Apaturinae
- Hackberry Emperor | Asterocampa celtis
- Empress Leilia | Asterocampa leilia
- Tawny Emperor | Asterocampa clyton
- ‘Cream-banded’ Dusky Emperor | Asterocampa idyja argus*
- Pavon Emperor | Doxocopa pavon
- Silver Emperor | Doxocopa laure
Morphos | Subfamily Morphinae
- White Morpho | Morpho polyphemus
Satyrs | Subfamily Satyrinae
- White-spotted Satyr | Manataria hercyna
- Southern Pearly-eye | Enodia portlandia
- Northern Pearly-eye | Enodia anthedon
- Creole Pearly-eye | Enodia creola
- Eyed Brown | Satyrodes eurydice
- Appalachian Brown | Satyrodes appalachia
- Nabokov’s Satyr | Cyllopsis pyracmon
- Canyonland Satyr | Cyllopsis pertepida
- Gemmed Satyr | Cyllopsis gemma
- Carolina Satyr | Hermeuptychia sosybius
- Georgia Satyr | Neonympha areolata
- Mitchell’s Satyr | Neonympha mitchellii
- Little Wood-Satyr | Megisto cymela* (includes viola)
- Red Satyr | Megisto rubricata
- Pine Satyr | Paramacera allyni
- Hayden’s Ringlet | Coenonympha haydenii
- Common Ringlet | Coenonympha tullia*
- ‘Inornate’ Common Ringlet | Coenonympha tullia inornata
- ‘Salt Marsh’ Common Ringlet | Coenonympha tullia nipisiquit*
- ‘Ochre’ Common Ringlet | Coenonympha tullia ochracea
- ‘California’ Common Ringlet | Coenonympha tullia california
- Common Wood-Nymph | Cercyonis pegala
- Mead’s Wood-Nymph | Cercyonis meadii
- Great Basin Wood-Nymph | Cercyonis sthenele
- Small Wood-Nymph | Cercyonis oetus
- Vidler’s Alpine | Erebia vidleri
- Ross’ Alpine | Erebia rossii
- Disa Alpine | Erebia disa*
- Taiga Alpine | Erebia mancinus*
- Magdalena Alpine | Erebia magdalena*
- Banded Alpine | Erebia fasciata
- Red-disked Alpine | Erebia discoidalis
- Theano Alpine | Erebia theano
- Four-dotted Alpine | Erebia dabanensis* (includes youngi)
- Common Alpine | Erebia epipsodea
- Colorado Alpine | Erebia callias
- Reddish Alpine | Erebia kozhantshikovi* (includes lafontainei)
- Eskimo Alpine | Erebia occulta*
- Red-bordered Satyr | Gyrocheilus patrobas
- Ridings’ Satyr | Neominois ridingsii*
- Great Arctic | Oeneis nevadensis
- Macoun’s Arctic | Oeneis macounii
- Chryxus Arctic | Oeneis chryxus
- ‘California’ Chryxus Arctic | Oeneis chryxus ivallda
- Uhler’s Arctic | Oeneis uhleri
- Alberta Arctic | Oeneis alberta
- White-veined Arctic | Oeneis taygete* (distinct from Old World Oeneis bore)
- Jutta Arctic | Oeneis jutta
- Sentinel Arctic | Oeneis alpina (includes exubitor)
- Melissa Arctic | Oeneis melissa
- Polixenes Arctic | Oeneis polixenes
- Early Arctic | Oeneis rosovi* (includes philipi)
Clearwings | Subfamily Ithomiinae
- Heliconoid Ticlear | Melinaea lilis
- Klug’s Clearwing | Dircenna klugii
- Broad-tipped Clearwing | Pteronymia cotytto
- Thick-tipped Greta | Greta morgane
Monarchs | Subfamily Danainae
- Monarch | Danaus plexippus
- Queen | Danaus gilippus
- Soldier | Danaus eresimus
- Tiger Mimic-Queen | Lycorea cleobaea
Skippers | Family Hesperiidae
Firetips | Subfamily Pyrrhopyginae
- Dull Firetip | Pyrrhopyge araxes
Spread-wing Skippers | Subfamily Pyrginae
- Mangrove Skipper | Phocides pigmalion
- Guava Skipper | Phocides polybius*
- Big-spotted Skipper | Phocides belus
- Mercurial Skipper | Proteides mercurius
- Zestos Skipper | Epargyreus zestos
- Silver-spotted Skipper | Epargyreus clarus
- Broken Silverdrop | Epargyreus exadeus
- Hammock Skipper | Polygonus leo
- Manuel’s Skipper | Polygonus manueli
- White-striped Longtail | Chioides catillus
- Zilpa Longtail | Chioides zilpa
- Gold-spotted Aguna | Aguna asander
- Emerald Aguna | Aguna claxon
- Tailed Aguna | Aguna metophis
- Mottled Longtail | Typhedanus undulatus
- Mexican Longtail | Polythrix mexicanus*
- Eight-spotted Longtail | Polythrix octomaculata
- Short-tailed Skipper | Zestusa dorus
- White-crescent Longtail | Codatractus alcaeus
- Arizona Skipper | Codatractus arizonensis
- Valeriana Skipper | Codatractus mysie*
- Long-tailed Skipper | Urbanus proteus
- Cobalt Longtail | Urbanus viterboana
- Esmeralda Longtail | Urbanus esmeraldus
- Interrupted Longtail | Urbanus pronta
- Turquoise Longtail | Urbanus evona
- Dorantes Longtail | Urbanus dorantes
- Teleus Longtail | Urbanus teleus
- Tanna Longtail | Urbanus tanna
- Plain Longtail | Urbanus simplicius
- Brown Longtail | Urbanus procne
- White-tailed Longtail | Urbanus doryssus
- Green Flasher | Astraptes talus
- Two-barred Flasher | Astraptes fulgerator
- Small-spotted Flasher | Astraptes egregius
- Frosted Flasher | Astraptes alardus
- Gilbert’s Flasher | Astraptes gilberti
- Yellow-tipped Flasher | Astraptes anaphus
- Golden Banded-Skipper | Autochton cellus*
- Sonoran Banded-Skipper | Autochton pseudocellus
- Chisos Banded-Skipper | Autochton cincta
- Hoary Edge | Achalarus lyciades
- Desert Cloudywing | Achalarus casica
- Dark Cloudywing | Achalarus tehuacana
- Skinner’s Cloudywing | Achalarus albociliatus
- Coyote Cloudywing | Achalarus toxeus
- Jalapus Cloudywing | Achalarus jalapus*
- Southern Cloudywing | Thorybes bathyllus
- Northern Cloudywing | Thorybes pylades
- Western Cloudywing | Thorybes diversus
- Mexican Cloudywing | Thorybes mexicanus
- Confused Cloudywing | Thorybes confusis
- Drusius Cloudywing | Thorybes drusius
- Potrillo Skipper | Cabares potrillo
- Fritzgaertner’s Flat | Celaenorrhinus fritzgaertneri
- Stallings’ Flat | Celaenorrhinus stallingsi
- Falcate Skipper | Spathilepia clonius
- Mimosa Skipper | Cogia calchas
- Acacia Skipper | Cogia hippalus
- Outis Skipper | Cogia outis
- Gold-costa Skipper | Cogia caicus*
- Starred Skipper | Arteurotia tractipennis
- Purplish-black Skipper | Nisoniades rubescens
- Glazed Pellicia | Pellicia arina
- Morning Glory Pellicia | Pellicia dimidiata
- Mottled Bolla | Bolla clytius
- Obscure Bolla | Bolla brennus
- Golden-headed Scallopwing | Staphylus ceos
- Mazans Scallopwing | Staphylus mazans
- Hayhurst’s Scallopwing | Staphylus hayhurstii
- Variegated Skipper | Gorgythion begga
- Lugubrious Blue-Skipper | Quadrus lugubris
- Blue-studded Skipper | Sostrata bifasciata
- Pale Mylon | Mylon pelopidas
- Hoary Skipper | Carrhenes canescens
- Glassy-winged Skipper | Xenophanes tryxus
- Dusted Spurwing | Antigonus erosus
- White Spurwing | Antigonus emorsus*
- Red-studded Skipper | Noctuana stator*
- Texas Powdered-Skipper | Systasea pulverulenta
- Arizona Powdered-Skipper | Systasea zampa
- Sickle-winged Skipper | Achlyodes thraso*
- Pale Sicklewing | Achlyodes pallida
- Hermit Skipper | Grais stigmatica
- Brown-banded Skipper | Timochares ruptifasciatus
- Common Bluevent | Anastrus sempiternus
- White-patched Skipper | Chiomara asychis*
- Slaty Skipper | Chiomara mithrax*
- False Duskywing | Gesta gesta*
- Florida Duskywing | Ephyriades brunneus
- Dreamy Duskywing | Erynnis icelus
- Sleepy Duskywing | Erynnis brizo
- Juvenal’s Duskywing | Erynnis juvenalis
- ‘Arizona’ Juvenal’s Duskywing | Erynnis juvenalis clitus
- Rocky Mountain Duskywing | Erynnis telemachus
- Propertius Duskywing | Erynnis propertius
- Meridian Duskywing | Erynnis meridianus
- Scudder’s Duskywing | Erynnis scudderi
- Horace’s Duskywing | Erynnis horatius
- Mournful Duskywing | Erynnis tristis
- Mottled Duskywing | Erynnis martialis
- Pacuvius Duskywing | Erynnis pacuvius
- Zarucco Duskywing | Erynnis zarucco
- Funereal Duskywing | Erynnis funeralis
- Columbine Duskywing | Erynnis lucilius
- Wild Indigo Duskywing | Erynnis baptisiae
- Afranius Duskywing | Erynnis afranius
- Persius Duskywing | Erynnis persius
- Grizzled Skipper | Pyrgus centaureae
- ‘Appalachian’ Grizzled Skipper | Pyrgus centaureae wyandot
- Two-banded Checkered-Skipper | Pyrgus ruralis
- Mountain Checkered-Skipper | Pyrgus xanthus
- Small Checkered-Skipper | Pyrgus scriptura
- Common Checkered-Skipper | Pyrgus communis*
- White Checkered-Skipper | Pyrgus albescens*
- Tropical Checkered-Skipper | Pyrgus oileus
- Desert Checkered-Skipper | Pyrgus philetas
- Erichson’s White-Skipper | Heliopetes domicella
- Northern White-Skipper | Heliopetes ericetorum
- Laviana White-Skipper | Heliopetes laviana
- Turk’s-cap White-Skipper | Heliopetes macaira
- East-Mexican White-Skipper | Heliopetes sublinea
- Veined White-Skipper | Heliopetes arsalte
- Alana White-Skipper | Heliopetes alana
- Common Streaky-Skipper | Celotes nessus
- Scarce Streaky-Skipper | Celotes limpia
- Common Sootywing | Pholisora catullus
- Mexican Sootywing | Pholisora mejicana
- Mojave Sootywing | Hesperopsis libya*
- Saltbush Sootywing | Hesperopsis alpheus*
- ‘MacNeill’s’ Saltbush Sootywing | Hesperopsis alpheus gracielae
Skipperlings | Subfamily Heteropterinae
- Arctic Skipper | Carterocephalus palaemon
- Russet Skipperling | Piruna pirus
- Four-spotted Skipperling | Piruna polingi
- Many-spotted Skipperling | Piruna cingo*
- Small-spotted Skipperling | Piruna microstictus
- Chisos Skipperling | Piruna haferniki
Grass-Skippers | Subfamily Hesperiinae
- Banana Skipper | Erionota thrax*
- Malicious Skipper | Synapte malitiosa
- Salenus Skipper | Synapte salenus
- Faceted Skipper | Synapte syraces
- Redundant Skipper | Corticea corticea
- Common Brown-Skipper | Callimormus saturnus
- Pale-rayed Skipper | Vidius perigenes
- Violet-patched Skipper | Monca tyrtaeus*
- Swarthy Skipper | Nastra lherminier
- Julia’s Skipper | Nastra julia
- Neamathla Skipper | Nastra neamathla
- Three-spotted Skipper | Cymaenes tripunctus
- Fawn-spotted Skipper | Cymaenes odilia
- Greenish Brown-Skipper | Mnasilus allubita
- Clouded Skipper | Lerema accius
- Liris Skipper | Lerema liris
- Fantastic Skipper | Vettius fantasos
- Green-backed Ruby-eye | Perichares philetes
- Osca Skipper | Rhinthon osca
- Double-dotted Skipper | Decinea percosius
- Hidden-ray Skipper | Conga chydaea
- Least Skipper | Ancyloxypha numitor
- Tropical Least Skipper | Ancyloxypha arene
- Poweshiek Skipperling | Oarisma poweshiek
- Garita Skipperling | Oarisma garita
- Edwards’ Skipperling | Oarisma edwardsii
- Orange Skipperling | Copaeodes aurantiacus
- Southern Skipperling | Copaeodes minimus
- Sunrise Skipper | Adopaeoides prittwitzi
- European Skipper | Thymelicus lineola
- Fiery Skipper | Hylephila phyleus
- Alkali Skipper | Pseudocopaeodes eunus
- Morrison’s Skipper | Stinga morrisoni
- Uncas Skipper | Hesperia uncas
- Juba Skipper | Hesperia juba
- Common Branded Skipper | Hesperia comma*, Hesperia comma colorado, Hesperia comma assiniboia
- Apache Skipper | Hesperia woodgatei
- Ottoe Skipper Hesperia ottoe
- Leonard’s Skipper | Hesperia leonardus
- Pahaska Skipper | Hesperia pahaska
- Columbian Skipper | Hesperia columbia
- Cobweb Skipper | Hesperia metea
- Green Skipper | Hesperia viridis
- Dotted Skipper | Hesperia attalus
- Meske’s Skipper | Hesperia meskei
- Dakota Skipper | Hesperia dacotae
- Lindsey’s Skipper | Hesperia lindseyi
- Indian Skipper | Hesperia sassacus
- Sierra Skipper | Hesperia miriamae
- Nevada Skipper | Hesperia nevada
- Rhesus Skipper | Polites rhesus
- Carus Skipper | Polites carus
- Peck’s Skipper | Polites peckius
- Sandhill Skipper | Polites sabuleti
- Mardon Skipper | Polites mardon
- Draco Skipper | Polites draco
- Baracoa Skipper | Polites baracoa
- Tawny-edged Skipper | Polites themistocles
- Crossline Skipper | Polites origenes
- Long Dash | Polites mystic
- Sonoran Skipper | Polites sonora
- Whirlabout | Polites vibex
- Southern Broken-Dash | Wallengrenia otho
- Northern Broken-Dash | Wallengrenia egeremet
- Little Glassywing | Pompeius verna
- Sachem | Atalopedes campestris
- Arogos Skipper | Atrytone arogos
- Delaware Skipper | Anatrytone logan
- Glowing Skipper | Anatrytone mazai*
- Byssus Skipper | Problema byssus
- Rare Skipper | Problema bulenta
- Woodland Skipper | Ochlodes sylvanoides
- Rural Skipper | Ochlodes agricola
- Yuma Skipper | Ochlodes yuma
- Snow’s Skipper | Paratrytone snowi
- Mulberry Wing | Poanes massasoit
- Hobomok Skipper | Poanes hobomok
- Zabulon Skipper | Poanes zabulon
- Taxiles Skipper | Poanes taxiles
- Aaron’s Skipper | Poanes aaroni
- Yehl Skipper | Poanes yehl
- Broad-winged Skipper | Poanes viator
- Umber Skipper | Poanes melane
- Common Mellana | Quasimellana eulogius
- Palmetto Skipper | Euphyes arpa
- Palatka Skipper | Euphyes pilatka
- Dion Skipper | Euphyes dion
- Bay Skipper | Euphyes bayensis
- Dukes’ Skipper | Euphyes dukesi
- Black Dash | Euphyes conspicua
- Berry’s Skipper | Euphyes berryi
- Two-spotted Skipper | Euphyes bimacula
- Dun Skipper | Euphyes vestris
- Monk Skipper | Asbolis capucinus
- Dusted Skipper | Atrytonopsis hianna, Atrytonopsis hianna loammi
- Deva Skipper | Atrytonopsis deva
- Moon-marked Skipper | Atrytonopsis lunus
- Viereck’s Skipper | Atrytonopsis vierecki
- White-barred Skipper | Atrytonopsis pittacus
- Python Skipper | Atrytonopsis python
- Cestus Skipper | Atrytonopsis cestus
- Sheep Skipper | Atrytonopsis edwardsii
- Simius Skipper | Notamblyscirtes simius
- Large Roadside-Skipper | Amblyscirtes exoteria
- Cassus Roadside-Skipper | Amblyscirtes cassus
- Bronze Roadside-Skipper | Amblyscirtes aenus
- Linda’s Roadside-Skipper | Amblyscirtes linda
- Oslar’s Roadside-Skipper | Amblyscirtes oslari
- Pepper and Salt Skipper | Amblyscirtes hegon
- Elissa Roadside-Skipper | Amblyscirtes elissa
- Texas Roadside-Skipper | Amblyscirtes texanae
- Toltec Roadside-Skipper | Amblyscirtes tolteca*
- ‘Prenda’ Toltec Roadside-Skipper | Amblyscirtes tolteca prenda
- Lace-winged Roadside-Skipper | Amblyscirtes aesculapius
- Carolina Roadside-Skipper | Amblyscirtes carolina
- Reversed Roadside-Skipper | Amblyscirtes reversa
- Slaty Roadside-Skipper | Amblyscirtes nereus
- Nysa Roadside-Skipper | Amblyscirtes nysa
- Dotted Roadside-Skipper | Amblyscirtes eos
- Common Roadside-Skipper | Amblyscirtes vialis
- Celia’s Roadside-Skipper | Amblyscirtes celia
- Bell’s Roadside-Skipper | Amblyscirtes belli
- Dusky Roadside-Skipper | Amblyscirtes alternata
- Orange-headed Roadside-Skipper | Amblyscirtes phylace
- Orange-edged Roadside-Skipper | Amblyscirtes fimbriata
- Eufala Skipper | Lerodea eufala
- Violet-clouded Skipper | Lerodea arabus*
- Olive-clouded Skipper | Lerodea dysaules*
- Twin-spot Skipper | Oligoria maculata
- Brazilian Skipper | Calpodes ethlius
- Salt Marsh Skipper | Panoquina panoquin
- Obscure Skipper | Panoquina panoquinoides
- Wandering Skipper | Panoquina errans
- Ocola Skipper | Panoquina ocola
- Hecebolus Skipper | Panoquina hecebola
- Purple-washed Skipper | Panoquina lucas
- Evans’ Skipper | Panoquina fusina
- Violet-banded Skipper | Nyctelius nyctelius
- Chestnut-marked Skipper | Thespieus macareus
- Olive Nicon | Niconiades nikko
- Perching Saliana | Saliana esperi
Giant-Skippers Subfamily Megathyminae
- Orange Giant-Skipper | Agathymus neumoegeni (include chisosensis)
- Arizona Giant-Skipper | Agathymus aryxna*, Agathymus aryxna baueri, Agathymus aryxna gentryi*
- Huachuca Giant-Skipper | Agathymus evansi
- Mary’s Giant-Skipper | Agathymus mariae
- California Giant-Skipper | Agathymus stephensi
- Coahuila Giant-Skipper | Agathymus remingtoni
- Poling’s Giant-Skipper | Agathymus polingi
- Mojave Giant-Skipper | Agathymus alliae
- Yucca Giant-Skipper | Megathymus yuccae (includes coloradensis)
- Cofaqui Giant-Skipper | Megathymus cofaqui (includes harrisi)
- Strecker’s Giant-Skipper | Megathymus streckeri
- Ursine Giant-Skipper | Megathymus ursus
- Manfreda Giant-Skipper | Stallingsia maculosa
For subfamily groupings of the Nymphalidae we have followed Harvey (1991).
Extinct Species
- Xerces Blue | Glaucopsyche xerces
- Neotropical species dubiously reported to have occurred naturally in the United States | Parides eurimedes, Battus devilliers
- Cuban Kite-Swallowtail | Eurytides celadon*
- Large White | Pieris brassicae*
- Apricot Sulphur | Phoebis argante*, Eurema chamberlaini
- Mexican Cycadian | Eumaeus toxea*, Thereus zebina, (misidentified marius), Cyanophrys amyntor
- Nogales Metalmark | Calephelis dreisbachi*, Euselasia abreas, Lasaia maria*, Chlosyne erodyle, Chlosyne ehrenbergi
- Cramer’s Eighty-eight | Diathria clymena*, Diaethria anna*
- Mexican Eighty-eight | Diaethria asteria*, Dynamine mylitta, Dynamine tithia*, Mestra cana, Hamadryas fornax
- Brownish Cracker | Hamadryas iphthime*
- Chestnut Leafwing | Anaea echemus*, Opsiphanes boisduvallii*, Morpho peleides*, Hermeuptycia hermes, Greta polissena*, Phocides urania, Polythrix procera, Codatractus melon, Urbanus albimargo, Astraptes alector, Astraptes galesus, Dyscophellus euribates
- Confused Pellicia | Pellicia angra*, Staphylus azteca*, Decinea huasteca*, Callimormus saturnus, Choranthus radians, Choranthus haitensis, Hamadryas fornax
The names of the species marked in red have been added or changed by the NABA Names Committee since the Second Edition of the checklist was published in 2001.
Cite as: NABA Checklist and English Names of North American Butterflies. Accessed on [today’s date]. Braby, M., Cassie, B., Edwards, A., Epstein, M., Glassberg, J., Hall, P.W., Heath, F., Hsu, Y.-F., Larsen, T., Lohman, D., Pierce, N., Scoble, M., Springer, J., Swengel, A., Tennent, J., Tudor, G., Vane-Wright, D., Viloria, A., West, J. and Yen, S.-H. North American Butterfly Association. Morristown, New Jersey.
Copyright © 2001-2024 by the North American Butterfly Association, Inc. All rights reserved.